inspire mind sports

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心の励まし方(Youtube専門家対談企画スポーツ心理学与太話の第四十八回目)

・心理学では、自分の心の中での言葉かけをセルフトークと言う。 ・セルフトークでプレーを向上させる2つのやり方を紹介! ・試合でミスした時は、具体的で次につながる行動を伝えるのが良い! 現場の専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、パーソナルトレーナーでスポーツ選手も指導される前田さんとスポーツ心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「試合でミスしたときの対処法」です! スポーツ選手なら必ず参加する試合。 練習を重ねてきても、スポーツの試合本番でのミスはつきもの ...

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child imitation and learning ability

YouTube動画/Movies

2025/5/5

無意識にモノマネする子どもは学習能力が高い⁉(Youtube専門家対談企画子育ての心理学の第四十七回目)

・子どもに戦隊モノやプリンセスを見せなくても、なぜか無意識にそれらのモノマネする⁉ ・物まねが得意な子は、記憶力も学習能力も高い! ・子どもは意味も分からずにモノマネすることもあるので、親による家庭教育も大事! 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、保育歴8年でシンママ保育士ライターのゆうさんと子育ての心理学についてお話します。 トピックは、「なぜ子どもはプリンセスや戦隊モノに憧れるか」です。 子どもたちは楽しそうに、テレビで見たプリンセ ...

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two good goal setting method

YouTube動画/Movies

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営業で正しい目標設定に必要な二つのコツ【心理学の研究】(YouTube専門家対談企画営業の心理学の第九回目)

・営業で大々的な構想を掲げて目標設定を間違っている人が多い。 ・営業で正しい目標設定には、目標の難しさとコミットメントの高低が営業パフォーマンスに関係する。 ・大目標を掲げながら小さな目標を掲げるのが実践では大事! 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、営業歴20年で合同会社トースティー代表の伊藤さんと営業の心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「営業の目標設定」についてです。 営業では切っても切れない「目標設定」。 ノルマや個人の目標達成、会 ...

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本・解説/Book・Review 科学/science

The foundation of the behavioral economics.

The column is a set of introductions to the science.

In this article, I raise the topic of the Behavioral Economics because the researcher in this area won the Novel Prize recently.

He is Dr. Richard Thaler.

Reason to the Prize: for his contribution to behavioral economics.

His research area is "Behavioral Economics" in Economics. However, we know economics a little, but not Behavioral Economics so much.

What is behavioral economics ?

Many people do not understand the difference between economics and behavioral economics.

The behavioral economics is so scientific.

I like science ! So, I introduce the behavioral economics.

What is the principle of behavioral economics ?

In order to answer this question, you had better learn the history of behavioral economics. So we go back to the past !

①Rough History

By Ninety fourties, Economics was based on the presupposition that human being were rational creature. Under that, economics succeeded. What is the rationality ? It is like a very reasonable robot that could choose best answer to make their interest highest anytime.

In Ninety Fifties, however, a researcher, his name is Allias, pointed out that the economic theory based on that supposition did not match some behavioral results. In his articles, human did not behave to make the best answer for highest interests, but often to choose the higher interests from a short term.

In 1979, Tversky & Kahneman suggested the Prospective Theory.

There are 4 points in this theory.

1) human did not decide to behave by reference of absolute gains. But, they behave to increase or decrease their relative gains by a set point.

2) human is more serious about a loss than a gain.

3) human has the demining sensibility with gain and loss.

ex) They feel satisfied to gain $200 from $100 compared with $10200 from $10100.

4) This theory is incorporated in the probability weighing(this weighing moves sensibly).

Tversky & Kahneman claimed publicly that humans are not rational creatures.

Dr. Thaler adopt this theory to economics at first time

※In psychology, the prospect theory is only the research which was received the Nobel Prize. In 2002, Kahneman won the Prize.

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②At last, what is behavioral economics ?

・Behavioral Economics did not only change the idea of human beings.

・Researchers in this area did not use simulations, but they conduct experiments. Economics based on the experiments is "Behavioral Economics".

・How do they conduct experiments ?

I think the Ultimate Game is the most popular experiment. I introduce the experiment method below.

◇ Two participants, white is A and Black is B.

◇ a participant(A) is given settled money($20)

◇ A decides the price which A will give B. B knows the A' decision.

◇ B choose if he receive or deny the price A presented. The key point is that if B denies the A' presentation, the residual money A has were confiscated.

◇ If B receives the presentation, B receives the money of the price and A gains the residuals.

・a typical result is below

※In this graph, participants are the receiver.

The possibility that B receives A' presentation.

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③ Interesting Point of behavioral economics

・Some people has a question.

If human is rational, they receive all A' presentation including minimum gain. If B denies, both A and B have no gain.

Human is not a rational creature.

④ The current topic in behavioral economics.

・Neuroscientific method is one of main topic().

The word "Neuroeconomics" exists.

In addition, applying these research, there is "Neuromarketing".

・I introduce basic research, but also applied research are many. Some people are interested in the latter.

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References

Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 RICHARD H. THALER: INTEGRATING ECONOMICS WITH PSYCHOLOGY The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/advanced.html

Gabay et al. (2014) The Ultimatum Game and the brain: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 47, 549-558

Knoch et al. (2006) Diminishing Reciprocal Fairness by Disrupting the Right prefrontal Cortex, Science, Vol. 314, 829-832

Sanfrey et al. (2003) The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game, Science, Vol. 300, 1755-1758

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-本・解説/Book・Review, 科学/science

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