stop the rumination

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うつ病につながる!?モヤモヤぐるぐる思考を止める方法

・ネガティブな事があると、モヤモヤして何度もそのことが頭に浮かぶ。 ・特に、寝る前に思い出してぐるぐるして眠れない。 ・モヤモヤぐるぐる思考を止める方法はないのか? 何かにモヤモヤしてぐるぐると何度も同じことを考えてしまうのを、心理学では反芻思考や反復思考と呼びます。 実は、反芻思考はひどい場合、うつ病にもつながる深刻な思考です。 では、どうすれば反芻思考を止められるのでしょうか? 心理学のエビデンスをもとに反芻思考のやめ方を動画でお伝えします! スポンサーリンク

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two factors of proactive work behavior eyecatch

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【ビジネス心理学】積極的に仕事をする人の2つの特徴

・仕事は苦痛だ ・仕事を頑張ってもお給料が上がらないし、余計仕事を振られる ・できれば、積極的にお仕事をする人になりたいけど…… 人は怠ける部分もありますが、時々積極的になることもあります。 では、積極的にお仕事をする人はそうではない人と何が違うのか? 心理学では、そんな積極的にお仕事をする人の特徴が研究されています。 今回は、上司や先輩・管理職の方には耳よりの情報になるかも! スポンサーリンク

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stalker psychology

YouTube動画/Movies 本・解説/Book・Review 科学/science

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ストーカーの心理学:その心理と行動

・ストーカーはどのような人がなりやすいのか? ・ストーカーにはどんな心理的・行動的特徴があるのか? ・ストーカー被害にに遭いやすい人とは? などストーカーで気になることは後を絶ちません。 最近でも、ストーカーが殺人にまで至るケースをニュースで見ました。 そこで、ストーカーの心理を本を参照に大事なところをご紹介します。 意外とストーカーの心理学の本は少なく、読みやすい本を選びました。 ぜひご興味がおありの方は、こちらの本のリンクををチェックしてみてください↓ https://amzn.to/4mHrxod ...

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本・解説/Book・Review 科学/science

The foundation of the behavioral economics.

The column is a set of introductions to the science.

In this article, I raise the topic of the Behavioral Economics because the researcher in this area won the Novel Prize recently.

He is Dr. Richard Thaler.

Reason to the Prize: for his contribution to behavioral economics.

His research area is "Behavioral Economics" in Economics. However, we know economics a little, but not Behavioral Economics so much.

What is behavioral economics ?

Many people do not understand the difference between economics and behavioral economics.

The behavioral economics is so scientific.

I like science ! So, I introduce the behavioral economics.

What is the principle of behavioral economics ?

In order to answer this question, you had better learn the history of behavioral economics. So we go back to the past !

①Rough History

By Ninety fourties, Economics was based on the presupposition that human being were rational creature. Under that, economics succeeded. What is the rationality ? It is like a very reasonable robot that could choose best answer to make their interest highest anytime.

In Ninety Fifties, however, a researcher, his name is Allias, pointed out that the economic theory based on that supposition did not match some behavioral results. In his articles, human did not behave to make the best answer for highest interests, but often to choose the higher interests from a short term.

In 1979, Tversky & Kahneman suggested the Prospective Theory.

There are 4 points in this theory.

1) human did not decide to behave by reference of absolute gains. But, they behave to increase or decrease their relative gains by a set point.

2) human is more serious about a loss than a gain.

3) human has the demining sensibility with gain and loss.

ex) They feel satisfied to gain $200 from $100 compared with $10200 from $10100.

4) This theory is incorporated in the probability weighing(this weighing moves sensibly).

Tversky & Kahneman claimed publicly that humans are not rational creatures.

Dr. Thaler adopt this theory to economics at first time

※In psychology, the prospect theory is only the research which was received the Nobel Prize. In 2002, Kahneman won the Prize.

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②At last, what is behavioral economics ?

・Behavioral Economics did not only change the idea of human beings.

・Researchers in this area did not use simulations, but they conduct experiments. Economics based on the experiments is "Behavioral Economics".

・How do they conduct experiments ?

I think the Ultimate Game is the most popular experiment. I introduce the experiment method below.

◇ Two participants, white is A and Black is B.

◇ a participant(A) is given settled money($20)

◇ A decides the price which A will give B. B knows the A' decision.

◇ B choose if he receive or deny the price A presented. The key point is that if B denies the A' presentation, the residual money A has were confiscated.

◇ If B receives the presentation, B receives the money of the price and A gains the residuals.

・a typical result is below

※In this graph, participants are the receiver.

The possibility that B receives A' presentation.

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③ Interesting Point of behavioral economics

・Some people has a question.

If human is rational, they receive all A' presentation including minimum gain. If B denies, both A and B have no gain.

Human is not a rational creature.

④ The current topic in behavioral economics.

・Neuroscientific method is one of main topic().

The word "Neuroeconomics" exists.

In addition, applying these research, there is "Neuromarketing".

・I introduce basic research, but also applied research are many. Some people are interested in the latter.

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References

Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 RICHARD H. THALER: INTEGRATING ECONOMICS WITH PSYCHOLOGY The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/advanced.html

Gabay et al. (2014) The Ultimatum Game and the brain: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 47, 549-558

Knoch et al. (2006) Diminishing Reciprocal Fairness by Disrupting the Right prefrontal Cortex, Science, Vol. 314, 829-832

Sanfrey et al. (2003) The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game, Science, Vol. 300, 1755-1758

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