失敗から立ち直るレジリエンス

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2025/1/16

【心理学の研究】実践的にレジリエンスを身につけられる2つの方法(Youtube専門家対談企画スポーツ心理学与太話の第三十九回目)

・負けや逆境からはい上がるナニクソ精神は金メダリストにもあった⁉ ・レジリエンスを身につける多くの方法の中で厳選した2つを紹介! ・キーワードは、「認知行動療法」と「マインドフルネス」 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYoutube専門家対談企画。 今回は、パーソナルトレーナーでスポーツ選手も指導される前田さんとスポーツ心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「レジリエンスを身につける方法」 普段よく耳にする「レジリエンス」。 それって何なのかを前回紹介しました。 ...

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赤ちゃんの語彙力が上がるコツ:集中力が高い赤ちゃんは語彙力も豊富⁉

YouTube動画/Movies

2025/1/14

【保育士直伝】子どもの集中力を上げる三つの方法(Youtube専門家対談企画子育ての心理学の第三十四回目)

・子どもの集中力を上げるには、親のエゴを無理強いしないこと! ・子どもの集中力を上げるには、子どもの好奇心に沿った行動を見守ること! ・子どもの集中力を上げるには、子どもにポジティブなフィードバックを与えること! 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYoutube専門家対談企画。 今回は、保育歴7年で「親子の愛情構築専門家」保育士ライターのゆうさんと子育ての心理学についてお話します。 トピックは、「赤ちゃんの言葉の語彙力」です。 赤ちゃんの語彙力の心理学シリーズの第三弾として「集中力の高い ...

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営業の心理学

YouTube動画/Movies

2025/1/12

営業歴が長くてもアポは取れない⁉専門家が絶賛する取れる営業のやり方とは?(Youtube専門家対談企画営業の心理学の第二回目)

・昔の調査では、営業歴が長くても、素人と成績は変わらない可能性がある。 ・営業の専門家でも、営業人材育成には付きっきりで、最低半年はかかる! ・平均よりも営業成績を上げるには、何度も試行錯誤して良いものを抽出していくプロセスが必要。 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYoutube専門家対談企画。 今回は、営業歴20年で合同会社トースティー代表の伊藤さんと営業の心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「営業の『質か量か問題』答えは質かもね!」 普段のビジネスでもよく議題にあがる「質 ...

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本・解説/Book・Review 科学/science

The foundation of the behavioral economics.

The column is a set of introductions to the science.

In this article, I raise the topic of the Behavioral Economics because the researcher in this area won the Novel Prize recently.

He is Dr. Richard Thaler.

Reason to the Prize: for his contribution to behavioral economics.

His research area is "Behavioral Economics" in Economics. However, we know economics a little, but not Behavioral Economics so much.

What is behavioral economics ?

Many people do not understand the difference between economics and behavioral economics.

The behavioral economics is so scientific.

I like science ! So, I introduce the behavioral economics.

What is the principle of behavioral economics ?

In order to answer this question, you had better learn the history of behavioral economics. So we go back to the past !

①Rough History

By Ninety fourties, Economics was based on the presupposition that human being were rational creature. Under that, economics succeeded. What is the rationality ? It is like a very reasonable robot that could choose best answer to make their interest highest anytime.

In Ninety Fifties, however, a researcher, his name is Allias, pointed out that the economic theory based on that supposition did not match some behavioral results. In his articles, human did not behave to make the best answer for highest interests, but often to choose the higher interests from a short term.

In 1979, Tversky & Kahneman suggested the Prospective Theory.

There are 4 points in this theory.

1) human did not decide to behave by reference of absolute gains. But, they behave to increase or decrease their relative gains by a set point.

2) human is more serious about a loss than a gain.

3) human has the demining sensibility with gain and loss.

ex) They feel satisfied to gain $200 from $100 compared with $10200 from $10100.

4) This theory is incorporated in the probability weighing(this weighing moves sensibly).

Tversky & Kahneman claimed publicly that humans are not rational creatures.

Dr. Thaler adopt this theory to economics at first time

※In psychology, the prospect theory is only the research which was received the Nobel Prize. In 2002, Kahneman won the Prize.

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②At last, what is behavioral economics ?

・Behavioral Economics did not only change the idea of human beings.

・Researchers in this area did not use simulations, but they conduct experiments. Economics based on the experiments is "Behavioral Economics".

・How do they conduct experiments ?

I think the Ultimate Game is the most popular experiment. I introduce the experiment method below.

◇ Two participants, white is A and Black is B.

◇ a participant(A) is given settled money($20)

◇ A decides the price which A will give B. B knows the A' decision.

◇ B choose if he receive or deny the price A presented. The key point is that if B denies the A' presentation, the residual money A has were confiscated.

◇ If B receives the presentation, B receives the money of the price and A gains the residuals.

・a typical result is below

※In this graph, participants are the receiver.

The possibility that B receives A' presentation.

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③ Interesting Point of behavioral economics

・Some people has a question.

If human is rational, they receive all A' presentation including minimum gain. If B denies, both A and B have no gain.

Human is not a rational creature.

④ The current topic in behavioral economics.

・Neuroscientific method is one of main topic().

The word "Neuroeconomics" exists.

In addition, applying these research, there is "Neuromarketing".

・I introduce basic research, but also applied research are many. Some people are interested in the latter.

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References

Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 RICHARD H. THALER: INTEGRATING ECONOMICS WITH PSYCHOLOGY The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/advanced.html

Gabay et al. (2014) The Ultimatum Game and the brain: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 47, 549-558

Knoch et al. (2006) Diminishing Reciprocal Fairness by Disrupting the Right prefrontal Cortex, Science, Vol. 314, 829-832

Sanfrey et al. (2003) The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game, Science, Vol. 300, 1755-1758

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-本・解説/Book・Review, 科学/science

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