心理学で簡単に夜泣きを減らす方法のサムネ画像

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2025/2/11

【心理学の研究】効果てき面で簡単な2つの夜泣き対策(Youtube専門家対談企画子育ての心理学の第三十七回目)

・日本のお母さんは頑張りすぎなので、赤ちゃんを見守るだけの時間も必要! ・心理学で効果てき面で簡単な夜泣き対策は二つある! ・赤ちゃんがもう一度自分で寝られる力をつけさせる。 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、保育歴7年で「親子の愛情構築専門家」保育士ライターのゆうさんと子育ての心理学についてお話します。 トピックは、「心理学で簡単に赤ちゃんの夜泣きを減らす方法」です。 赤ちゃんの夜泣きと夜泣きする子の特徴、そして、夜泣き対策について心理学のエビデ ...

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営業の心理学

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2025/2/9

【心理学の研究】営業マンは行動量より結果重視⁉営業の質と量の長所と短所(YouTube専門家対談企画営業の心理学の第四回目)

・心理学の調査では、営業マンは行動した量よりも、結果という質を重要視する人が多い! ・営業の量を重視するやり方と質を重視するやり方のメリット・デメリット ・では、どのようにして質を高めるのか?カギは、本人の営業のやり方の適性! 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、営業歴20年で合同会社トースティー代表の伊藤さんと営業の心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「営業の『質か量か問題』答えは質かもね!」 普段のビジネスでもよく議題にあがる「質か量か ...

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レジリエンスを身につける方法のサムネ画像

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2025/2/6

マインドフルネスの集中するやり方でレジリエンスを高める心理学(Youtube専門家対談企画スポーツ心理学与太話の第四十二回目)

・マインドフルネスとは何かを元になった本をもとに解説! ・マインドフルネスで正しいやり方をすれば、レジリエンスが高まる心理学の研究を紹介! ・日ごろからできるマインドフルネスのやり方で自分の体の状態を整えて運動する。 現場に携わる専門家をお招きして、専門家同士が対談するYouTube専門家対談企画。 今回は、パーソナルトレーナーでスポーツ選手も指導される前田さんとスポーツ心理学についてお話します。 今回のトピックは、「レジリエンスを身につける方法」 普段よく耳にする「レジリエンス」。 それって何なのかを前 ...

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本・解説/Book・Review 科学/science

The foundation of the behavioral economics.

The column is a set of introductions to the science.

In this article, I raise the topic of the Behavioral Economics because the researcher in this area won the Novel Prize recently.

He is Dr. Richard Thaler.

Reason to the Prize: for his contribution to behavioral economics.

His research area is "Behavioral Economics" in Economics. However, we know economics a little, but not Behavioral Economics so much.

What is behavioral economics ?

Many people do not understand the difference between economics and behavioral economics.

The behavioral economics is so scientific.

I like science ! So, I introduce the behavioral economics.

What is the principle of behavioral economics ?

In order to answer this question, you had better learn the history of behavioral economics. So we go back to the past !

①Rough History

By Ninety fourties, Economics was based on the presupposition that human being were rational creature. Under that, economics succeeded. What is the rationality ? It is like a very reasonable robot that could choose best answer to make their interest highest anytime.

In Ninety Fifties, however, a researcher, his name is Allias, pointed out that the economic theory based on that supposition did not match some behavioral results. In his articles, human did not behave to make the best answer for highest interests, but often to choose the higher interests from a short term.

In 1979, Tversky & Kahneman suggested the Prospective Theory.

There are 4 points in this theory.

1) human did not decide to behave by reference of absolute gains. But, they behave to increase or decrease their relative gains by a set point.

2) human is more serious about a loss than a gain.

3) human has the demining sensibility with gain and loss.

ex) They feel satisfied to gain $200 from $100 compared with $10200 from $10100.

4) This theory is incorporated in the probability weighing(this weighing moves sensibly).

Tversky & Kahneman claimed publicly that humans are not rational creatures.

Dr. Thaler adopt this theory to economics at first time

※In psychology, the prospect theory is only the research which was received the Nobel Prize. In 2002, Kahneman won the Prize.

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②At last, what is behavioral economics ?

・Behavioral Economics did not only change the idea of human beings.

・Researchers in this area did not use simulations, but they conduct experiments. Economics based on the experiments is "Behavioral Economics".

・How do they conduct experiments ?

I think the Ultimate Game is the most popular experiment. I introduce the experiment method below.

◇ Two participants, white is A and Black is B.

◇ a participant(A) is given settled money($20)

◇ A decides the price which A will give B. B knows the A' decision.

◇ B choose if he receive or deny the price A presented. The key point is that if B denies the A' presentation, the residual money A has were confiscated.

◇ If B receives the presentation, B receives the money of the price and A gains the residuals.

・a typical result is below

※In this graph, participants are the receiver.

The possibility that B receives A' presentation.

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③ Interesting Point of behavioral economics

・Some people has a question.

If human is rational, they receive all A' presentation including minimum gain. If B denies, both A and B have no gain.

Human is not a rational creature.

④ The current topic in behavioral economics.

・Neuroscientific method is one of main topic().

The word "Neuroeconomics" exists.

In addition, applying these research, there is "Neuromarketing".

・I introduce basic research, but also applied research are many. Some people are interested in the latter.

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References

Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 RICHARD H. THALER: INTEGRATING ECONOMICS WITH PSYCHOLOGY The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2017/advanced.html

Gabay et al. (2014) The Ultimatum Game and the brain: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 47, 549-558

Knoch et al. (2006) Diminishing Reciprocal Fairness by Disrupting the Right prefrontal Cortex, Science, Vol. 314, 829-832

Sanfrey et al. (2003) The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game, Science, Vol. 300, 1755-1758

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-本・解説/Book・Review, 科学/science

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